Rutherford’s planetary model and its limitationरदरफोर्ड का ग्रहीय मॉडल और इसकी सीमा

NCERT Fig 8.5, 8.6 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Nucleus (नाभिक) — Tiny, dense, all the positive charge and most of the mass. About 10⁵ times smaller than the atom (atom ≈ 10⁻¹⁰ m, nucleus ≈ 10⁻¹⁵ m).
• Electron revolving (परिक्रमा करता इलेक्ट्रॉन) — Electrons revolve around the nucleus like planets around the Sun.
• Circular path (orbit) (वृत्ताकार पथ (कक्षा)) — Most of the atom is empty space around the nucleus.
• The limitation: spiral path (सीमा: सर्पिल पथ) — A charge moving in a circle is accelerating, so it should lose energy and spiral into the nucleus. Atoms would collapse — but atoms are stable. Rutherford could not explain this.
• Nucleus (नाभिक) — The positive nucleus attracts the negative electron.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 8.5, 8.6. Report a mistake