Cathode ray tube (Thomson)कैथोड किरण नलिका (टॉमसन)

NCERT Fig 8.1 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Glass tube with gas at very low pressure (बहुत कम दाब पर गैस वाली काँच की नलिका) — Thomson passed electricity through gases at very low pressure in a sealed glass tube with two electrodes.
• Cathode (negative electrode) (कैथोड (ऋण इलेक्ट्रोड)) — The rays start here. Their nature did not depend on the cathode material — so electrons are in all atoms.
• Anode (positive electrode) (ऐनोड (धन इलेक्ट्रोड)) — The rays travel towards the anode, showing they carry negative charge.
• Cathode rays = stream of electrons (कैथोड किरणें = इलेक्ट्रॉनों की धारा) — Bent by electric and magnetic fields → negatively charged particles, much lighter than atoms. Later named electrons (charge −1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C, taken as −1).
• High-voltage power supply (उच्च वोल्टता स्रोत) — A high voltage is applied between the two electrodes.
• Vacuum pump (निर्वात पंप) — Removes most of the gas so the pressure inside the tube is very low.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 8.1. Report a mistake