A typical plant cellएक प्रारूपी पादप कोशिका

NCERT Fig 2.10 (b) · interactive diagram

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Parts and their functions

Cell membrane (plasma membrane) (कोशिका झिल्ली (प्लाज़्मा झिल्ली)) — Thin selectively permeable boundary of every cell; lets some substances in/out and blocks others.
Cytoplasm (कोशिकाद्रव्य) — Semi-fluid, jelly-like substance that holds the organelles.
Nucleus (केंद्रक) — “House of coded instructions”: double nuclear membrane with pores; contains chromatin/chromosomes (DNA) and controls the cell.
Nucleolus (केंद्रिका) — Dense round body in the nucleus where ribosome subunits are made.
Mitochondria (माइटोकॉन्ड्रिया) — Powerhouse: cellular respiration releases energy from glucose, stored as ATP. Inner membrane folded into cristae.
Golgi apparatus (गॉल्जी काय) — Post office of the cell: modifies, sorts and packs proteins/lipids into vesicles; forms lysosomes.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका (ER)) — Network joined to the nuclear envelope. RER (with ribosomes) makes proteins; SER makes fats and hormones.
Ribosomes (राइबोसोम) — Tiny protein factories — free in cytoplasm or on the RER.
Cell wall (कोशिका भित्ति) — Rigid, permeable outer layer made of cellulose; keeps the plant cell firm and in shape. Absent in animal cells.
Large central vacuole (बड़ी केंद्रीय रसधानी) — Filled with cell sap; stores water, minerals, sugars and wastes; keeps the cell firm — loses water when the plant wilts.
Chloroplast (हरितलवक) — Plastid with green chlorophyll — site of photosynthesis. Only in plant cells (and algae).

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 2.10 (b). Report a mistake