A typical animal cellएक प्रारूपी जंतु कोशिका
NCERT Fig 2.10 (c) · interactive diagram
Parts and their functions
- Cell membrane (plasma membrane) (कोशिका झिल्ली (प्लाज़्मा झिल्ली)) — Thin selectively permeable boundary of every cell; lets some substances in/out and blocks others.
- Cytoplasm (कोशिकाद्रव्य) — Semi-fluid, jelly-like substance that holds the organelles.
- Nucleus (केंद्रक) — “House of coded instructions”: double nuclear membrane with pores; contains chromatin/chromosomes (DNA) and controls the cell.
- Nucleolus (केंद्रिका) — Dense round body in the nucleus where ribosome subunits are made.
- Mitochondria (माइटोकॉन्ड्रिया) — Powerhouse: cellular respiration releases energy from glucose, stored as ATP. Inner membrane folded into cristae.
- Golgi apparatus (गॉल्जी काय) — Post office of the cell: modifies, sorts and packs proteins/lipids into vesicles; forms lysosomes.
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका (ER)) — Network joined to the nuclear envelope. RER (with ribosomes) makes proteins; SER makes fats and hormones.
- Ribosomes (राइबोसोम) — Tiny protein factories — free in cytoplasm or on the RER.
- Lysosome (लाइसोसोम (लयनकाय)) — Single-membrane sac of enzymes — the clean-up system that breaks down wastes and worn-out parts.
- Small vacuole (छोटी रसधानी) — Animal cells sometimes have small vacuoles for temporary storage (plant cells have one large one).
Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 2.10 (c). Report a mistake