The water cycleजल चक्र

NCERT Fig 13.12 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Evaporation (वाष्पन) — The Sun’s heat turns water from seas, lakes and rivers into vapour.
• Transpiration (वाष्पोत्सर्जन) — Plants release water vapour through stomata — forests add moisture to the air.
• Condensation (संघनन) — Rising vapour cools and forms cloud droplets.
• Precipitation (वर्षण) — Rain, hail or snow; a warmer atmosphere holds more moisture, giving heavier bursts of rain.
• Run-off (अपवाह) — Water flowing over land into rivers and the sea, carrying dissolved minerals and nutrients.
• Infiltration (अंतःस्यंदन) — Water soaking into the soil; roots and vegetation help it, concrete and bare soil reduce it.
• Groundwater (भूजल) — Water stored underground; recharged by infiltration, used through wells and tube-wells.
• Glacier (हिमानी) — Stored ice (cryosphere); melting feeds rivers but faster melting raises sea level.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 13.12. Report a mistake