Classification of the animal kingdomजंतु जगत का वर्गीकरण

NCERT Fig 12.16 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Porifera (sponges) (पोरीफेरा (स्पंज)) — Many pores; water flows through bringing food and oxygen; no tissues (cellular level); fixed; aquatic.
• Cnidaria (निडेरिया) — Hydra, jellyfish, corals. Tissue level; tentacles catch prey; single opening for food and waste.
• Platyhelminthes (flatworms) (प्लेटीहेल्मिन्थीज़ (चपटे कृमि)) — Bilateral symmetry (head–tail); flat body for diffusion; one opening; many parasites with hooks and suckers (tapeworm).
• Nematoda (roundworms) (निमेटोडा (गोल कृमि)) — Cylindrical; two openings (mouth and anus); soil, water or inside hosts (Ascaris).
• Annelida (segmented worms) (ऐनेलिडा (खंडित कृमि)) — Earthworm. Body in segments, body cavity, muscles and nerve cord — precise movement.
• Arthropoda (आर्थ्रोपोडा (संधिपाद)) — Insects, crabs, spiders. Jointed legs, segmented body, hard exoskeleton (protection, less water loss) — largest phylum.
• Mollusca (मोलस्का) — Snail, squid, octopus. Soft body, often a protective shell; head, muscular foot, hump.
• Echinodermata (एकाइनोडर्मेटा (शूलचर्मी)) — Starfish, sea urchin. Spiny skin; internal skeleton of calcium carbonate; marine.
• Chordata (कॉर्डेटा) — Notochord (flexible rod) present at least at some stage.
• Protochordata (प्रोटोकॉर्डेटा) — Amphioxus — notochord at least once in life; shows how chordates arose.
• Vertebrata (वर्टिब्रेटा (कशेरुकी)) — Backbone protects spinal cord; five groups: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 12.16. Report a mistake