Transverse and longitudinal wavesअनुप्रस्थ और अनुदैर्ध्य तरंगें

NCERT Fig 14.3–14.4 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Transverse wave (अनुप्रस्थ तरंग) — Particles oscillate perpendicular to the direction of travel: crests and troughs. Needs a medium with shear rigidity (strings, solids).
• Particle motion ⟂ wave (कण गति ⟂ तरंग) — Each particle only moves up and down about its mean position; it does not travel with the wave.
• Direction of propagation (संचरण की दिशा) — Energy and the wave shape move; matter does not.
• Longitudinal wave (अनुदैर्ध्य तरंग) — Particles oscillate along the direction of travel. Sound in air is longitudinal — gases and liquids carry only these.
• Compression (C) (संपीडन (C)) — Region where the layers crowd together — pressure and density above normal.
• Rarefaction (R) (विरलन (R)) — Region where layers spread out — pressure and density below normal.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 14.3–14.4. Report a mistake