Pressure of an ideal gas: a molecule hitting the wallआदर्श गैस का दाब: दीवार से टकराता अणु

NCERT Fig 12.4 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Cube of side l (l भुजा का घन) — Contains N molecules, number density n = N/V; molecules move at random.
• Wall of area A (A क्षेत्रफल की दीवार) — Molecules hitting it in time Δt lie within distance vₓΔt: ½ n A vₓ Δt of them.
• Incoming velocity (vₓ, v_y, v_z) (आने वाला वेग (vₓ, v_y, v_z)) — Collision is elastic.
• Rebound velocity (−vₓ, v_y, v_z) (वापसी वेग (−vₓ, v_y, v_z)) — Only the x component reverses.
• Momentum given to the wall 2mvₓ (दीवार को दिया संवेग 2mvₓ) — Total per unit time per unit area: P = n m vₓ²; averaging, vₓ² = v²/3.
• P = ⅓ n m v̄² (P = ⅓ n m v̄²) — So PV = ⅔ E, where E = N·½mv̄² is the total kinetic energy.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 12.4. Report a mistake