Satellite in a circular orbitवृत्तीय कक्षा में उपग्रह

NCERT Fig 7.12 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Earth, mass M, radius R (पृथ्वी, द्रव्यमान M, त्रिज्या R) — GM = gR².
• Circular orbit (वृत्तीय कक्षा) — Radius r = R + h; speed constant.
• Satellite, mass m (उपग्रह, द्रव्यमान m) — Its orbital speed and period do not depend on m.
• Orbit radius r = R + h (कक्षा त्रिज्या r = R + h) — Measured from the earth’s centre, not the surface.
• Height h (ऊँचाई h) — Near the surface (h ≪ R): v = √(gR) ≈ 7.9 km s⁻¹, T ≈ 85 min.
• Orbital velocity v (कक्षीय वेग v) — Tangential: v = √(GM/r). K = GMm/2r.
• Gravity = centripetal force (गुरुत्व = अभिकेंद्र बल) — GMm/r² = mv²/r. U = −GMm/r, so E = K + U = −GMm/2r (bound orbit).

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 7.12. Report a mistake