P–V diagrams of thermodynamic processesऊष्मागतिक प्रक्रमों के P–V आरेख

NCERT Fig 11.8 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Isothermal (T constant) (समतापीय (T नियत)) — PV = constant; ΔU = 0 so ΔQ = W = μRT ln(V₂/V₁).
• Adiabatic (ΔQ = 0) (रुद्धोष्म (ΔQ = 0)) — PVᵞ = constant, steeper than the isothermal; W = μR(T₁ − T₂)/(γ − 1), the gas cools on expansion.
• Isobaric (P constant) (समदाबी (P नियत)) — W = P(V₂ − V₁) = μR(T₂ − T₁); heat goes into both U and W.
• Isochoric (V constant) (समआयतनिक (V नियत)) — No work: W = 0, so all heat changes U: ΔQ = μC_v ΔT.
• Work = area under the curve (कार्य = वक्र के नीचे का क्षेत्रफल) — W = ∫P dV; positive for expansion, negative for compression.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 11.8. Report a mistake