Standing waves in air columns (pipes)वायु स्तंभों (नलियों) में अप्रगामी तरंगें

NCERT Fig 14.13 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Pipe closed at one end (एक सिरे पर बंद नली) — Closed end = displacement node, open end = antinode: L = (2n − 1)λ/4.
• Pipe open at both ends (दोनों सिरों पर खुली नली) — Antinodes at both ends: L = nλ/2.
• Closed pipe: odd harmonics only (बंद नली: केवल विषम संनादी) — ν = (2n − 1)v/4L: ν₁, 3ν₁, 5ν₁, …
• Open pipe: all harmonics (खुली नली: सभी संनादी) — ν = nv/2L: ν₁, 2ν₁, 3ν₁, …
• Displacement node = pressure antinode (विस्थापन निस्पंद = दाब प्रस्पंद) — Where air cannot move (closed end) the pressure change is largest, and vice versa.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 14.13. Report a mistake