Periodic trends at a glanceआवर्ती प्रवृत्तियाँ एक नज़र में

NCERT Fig 3.7 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Across a period (left → right) (आवर्त में (बाएँ → दाएँ)) — Nuclear charge rises, electrons go into the same shell, shielding barely changes → atoms shrink and hold electrons more tightly.
• Down a group (वर्ग में नीचे) — A new shell is added each step and shielding grows → atoms get bigger and outer electrons are held less tightly.
• Increase across a period (आवर्त में बढ़ते हैं) — Ionisation enthalpy, magnitude of (negative) electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, non-metallic character, oxidising power.
• Decrease across a period (आवर्त में घटते हैं) — Atomic radius, metallic character, reducing power.
• Down a group: the reverse (वर्ग में नीचे: उलटा) — Radius and metallic character increase; IE and electronegativity decrease. Electron gain enthalpy also becomes less negative (but Cl is more negative than F).

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 3.7. Report a mistake