Rutherford’s α-particle scattering experimentरदरफ़ोर्ड का α-कण प्रकीर्णन प्रयोग

NCERT Fig 2.5 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• α-particle source (in a lead block) (α-कण स्रोत (सीसे के खंड में)) — Lead stops all radiation except a narrow beam of high-energy α-particles (He²⁺).
• Beam of α-particles (α-कणों का किरण-पुंज) — Directed at a very thin gold foil.
• Thin gold foil (सोने की पतली पन्नी) — About 100 nm thick — only a few hundred atoms across.
• Circular fluorescent ZnS screen (वृत्ताकार प्रतिदीप्त ZnS पर्दा) — A flash of light marks each α-particle that hits it, so deflections in every direction can be counted.
• Most pass undeflected (अधिकांश बिना विक्षेपण के) — Most of the space in an atom is empty.
• A few deflected by small angles (कुछ छोटे कोणों पर विक्षेपित) — The positive charge is not spread out; it repels α-particles that pass close to it.
• Very few (≈1 in 20,000) bounce back (बहुत कम (≈20,000 में 1) वापस लौटते) — All the positive charge and almost all the mass sit in a tiny nucleus (about 10⁻¹⁵ m vs atom 10⁻¹⁰ m).

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 2.5. Report a mistake