Modern periodic table: s, p, d and f blocksआधुनिक आवर्त सारणी: s, p, d और f ब्लॉक

NCERT Fig 3.2–3.3 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• s-block (groups 1 and 2) (s-ब्लॉक (वर्ग 1 और 2)) — Outer configuration ns¹ or ns². Alkali and alkaline earth metals: reactive, low ionisation enthalpy, form ionic compounds (except Li, Be often covalent).
• Helium (हीलियम) — He is 1s² (an s-block configuration) but is placed in group 18 with the noble gases because its shell is complete and it is inert.
• p-block (groups 13–18) (p-ब्लॉक (वर्ग 13–18)) — ns²np¹⁻⁶. Contains metals, non-metals and metalloids; ends with the noble gases (ns²np⁶). With the s-block it forms the representative (main group) elements.
• d-block (groups 3–12): transition elements (d-ब्लॉक (वर्ग 3–12): संक्रमण तत्व) — (n−1)d¹⁻¹⁰ns⁰⁻². All metals; coloured ions, variable valence, paramagnetism, used as catalysts. Zn, Cd, Hg ((n−1)d¹⁰ns²) lack most of these.
• f-block: lanthanoids (4f) and actinoids (5f) (f-ब्लॉक: लैन्थेनॉयड (4f) और ऐक्टिनॉयड (5f)) — (n−2)f¹⁻¹⁴(n−1)d⁰⁻¹ns². Placed below the table to keep it compact. Actinoids are radioactive; elements after uranium are transuranium elements, made artificially.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 3.2–3.3. Report a mistake