Shapes of s, p and d orbitals (boundary surfaces)s, p और d कक्षकों की आकृतियाँ (सीमा पृष्ठ)

NCERT Fig 2.13–2.15 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• s orbital (l = 0) (s कक्षक (l = 0)) — Spherical — same probability in every direction. One s orbital in each shell.
• 2s: radial node (2s: त्रिज्य नोड) — A sphere where probability is zero. Radial nodes = n − l − 1 (2s: 1, 3s: 2).
• p orbitals (l = 1) (p कक्षक (l = 1)) — Dumbbell with two lobes; three per shell (pₓ, p_y, p_z) along the axes, equal in energy. Nodal plane through the nucleus.
• d orbitals (l = 2) (d कक्षक (l = 2)) — Five d orbitals from n = 3. dxy, dyz, dzx have lobes between axes; dx²−y² has lobes along x and y.
• dz² orbital (dz² कक्षक) — Different shape: two lobes along z plus a ring (doughnut) in the xy-plane — still equal in energy to the other four.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 2.13–2.15. Report a mistake