Oxidation number scale (nitrogen, −3 to +5)ऑक्सीकरण संख्या पैमाना (नाइट्रोजन, −3 से +5)

NCERT Ex 7.7 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Nitrogen compounds (नाइट्रोजन यौगिक) — NH₃ (−3), N₂H₄ (−2), NH₂OH (−1), N₂ (0), N₂O (+1), NO (+2), HNO₂ (+3), NO₂ (+4), HNO₃ (+5).
• Oxidation (ऑक्सीकरण) — Moving right = increase in oxidation number = oxidation (e.g. NH₃ → NO in Ostwald’s process).
• Reduction (अपचयन) — Moving left = decrease in oxidation number = reduction (e.g. HNO₃ → NO₂ when copper reacts with conc. HNO₃).
• Lowest state (निम्नतम अवस्था) — In its lowest state (NH₃, −3) nitrogen can only be oxidised, so NH₃ acts only as a reducing agent.
• Highest state (उच्चतम अवस्था) — In its highest state (HNO₃, +5) nitrogen can only be reduced, so HNO₃ acts only as an oxidant. Middle states (NO, HNO₂) can do both.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Ex 7.7. Report a mistake