Homolytic and heterolytic bond fissionसमांश और विषमांश आबंध विदलन

NCERT Sec 8.7.1 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Homolytic fission (समांश विदलन) — The shared pair splits equally, one electron to each atom (shown by fish-hook half-arrows). Needs heat or light; gives neutral free radicals.
• Heterolytic fission (विषमांश विदलन) — The whole pair goes to the more electronegative atom (full curved arrow). Gives a cation and an anion — for carbon, a carbocation or a carbanion.
• Free radical (मुक्त मूलक) — A carbon with an unpaired electron (7 valence electrons). Very reactive. Stability: tertiary > secondary > primary > methyl.
• Carbocation (कार्बधनायन) — Carbon with only six electrons and a positive charge; sp², trigonal planar. Electron-deficient, so it is an electrophile.
• Carbanion (कार्बऋणायन) — Carbon with eight electrons (a lone pair) and a negative charge; sp³, pyramidal. Electron-rich, so it is a nucleophile.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Sec 8.7.1. Report a mistake