Lone pairs squeeze bond angles: CH₄, NH₃, H₂Oएकाकी युग्म बंध कोण घटाते हैं: CH₄, NH₃, H₂O

NCERT Sec 4.4 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• CH₄: 4 bond pairs (CH₄: 4 बंध युग्म) — Regular tetrahedron, H–C–H = 109.5°.
• NH₃: 3 bond pairs + 1 lone pair (NH₃: 3 बंध युग्म + 1 एकाकी युग्म) — The lone pair repels the bond pairs more strongly → trigonal pyramidal, angle 107°.
• H₂O: 2 bond pairs + 2 lone pairs (H₂O: 2 बंध युग्म + 2 एकाकी युग्म) — Two lone pairs push harder (lp–lp > lp–bp) → bent (V-shape), angle 104.5°.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Sec 4.4. Report a mistake