Structure of a neuronतंत्रिका कोशिका (न्यूरॉन) की संरचना

NCERT Fig 18.1 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Dendrites (द्रुमाक्ष्य (डेंड्राइट)) — Short branched fibres; carry impulses towards the cell body.
• Cell body (cyton) (कोशिका काय) — Has cytoplasm, organelles and Nissl’s granules.
• Nucleus (केंद्रक) — Controls the neuron.
• Nissl’s granules (निसल कणिकाएँ) — Granular bodies (ribosome clusters) in cell body and dendrites.
• Axon (तंत्रिकाक्ष (एक्सॉन)) — Long fibre; carries impulses away from the cell body.
• Myelin sheath (मायलिन आवरण) — Insulating sheath formed by Schwann cells; speeds conduction.
• Schwann cell (श्वान कोशिका) — Forms the myelin sheath around the axon.
• Node of Ranvier (रेनवीयर का नोड) — Gap between adjacent myelin sheaths; impulse jumps node to node.
• Axon terminals (तंत्रिकाक्ष अंतस्थ) — Branches at the distal end of the axon.
• Synaptic knob (सिनैप्टिक घुंडी) — Bulb with synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 18.1. Report a mistake