Nephron with blood vesselsरुधिर वाहिकाओं सहित वृक्काणु
NCERT Fig 16.3 · interactive diagram
Parts and their functions
- Afferent arteriole (अभिवाही धमनिका) — Branch of the renal artery; wider — forms the glomerulus.
- Glomerulus (केशिकागुच्छ) — Tuft of capillaries where blood is filtered (≈125 mL/min).
- Bowman’s capsule (बोमन संपुट) — Double-walled cup enclosing the glomerulus; receives the filtrate.
- Efferent arteriole (अपवाही धमनिका) — Narrower vessel leaving the glomerulus; forms peritubular capillaries.
- PCT (PCT) — Brush-border epithelium; reabsorbs nearly all nutrients and 70–80% of electrolytes and water.
- Peritubular capillaries (परिनलिका केशिकाएँ) — Network around the tubule; takes back reabsorbed substances.
- Descending limb (अवरोही भुजा) — Permeable to water, almost impermeable to electrolytes — filtrate concentrates.
- Henle’s loop (हेनले लूप) — Hairpin loop in the medulla; keeps up the medullary osmotic gradient.
- Ascending limb (आरोही भुजा) — Impermeable to water; transports electrolytes out — filtrate gets diluted.
- Vasa recta (वासा रेक्टा) — U-shaped capillary parallel to Henle’s loop; part of the counter current system.
- DCT (DCT) — Conditional reabsorption of Na⁺ and water; secretes H⁺, K⁺, NH₃; reabsorbs HCO₃⁻.
- Collecting duct (संग्राहक नलिका) — Cortex to inner medulla; large water reabsorption → concentrated urine; lets some urea out.
Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 16.3. Report a mistake