Mechanism of hormone actionहॉर्मोन क्रिया की क्रियाविधि

NCERT Fig 19.5 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Target cell (लक्ष्य कोशिका) — Has specific receptors for the hormone.
• Protein hormone (प्रोटीन हॉर्मोन) — E.g., insulin, glucagon, FSH; stays outside the cell.
• Membrane receptor (झिल्ली ग्राही) — Binds the hormone on the cell surface.
• Second messenger (द्वितीयक संदेशवाहक) — cAMP, IP₃, Ca²⁺ — regulate cellular metabolism.
• Physiological responses (शारीरिक अनुक्रियाएँ) — E.g., tissue growth, differentiation.
• Steroid hormone (स्टेरॉयड हॉर्मोन) — E.g., cortisol, testosterone, estradiol, progesterone; lipid-soluble, enters the cell.
• Intracellular receptor (अंतःकोशिकीय ग्राही) — Mostly nuclear; forms the hormone–receptor complex.
• Nucleus (केंद्रक) — Site of intracellular (nuclear) receptors.
• Gene expression (जीन अभिव्यक्ति) — Complex interacts with the genome → mRNA.
• Proteins → responses (प्रोटीन → अनुक्रियाएँ) — New proteins bring physiological and developmental effects.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 19.5. Report a mistake