Location of endocrine glandsअंतःस्रावी ग्रंथियों की स्थिति

NCERT Fig 19.1 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Hypothalamus (हाइपोथैलेमस) — Releasing and inhibiting hormones; makes oxytocin and vasopressin.
• Pituitary (पीयूष ग्रंथि) — In the sella tursica; GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, MSH; stores oxytocin and vasopressin.
• Pineal (पीनियल) — Dorsal side of forebrain; melatonin — 24-hour (diurnal) rhythm.
• Thyroid (थायरॉइड) — T₄ and T₃ (BMR, RBC formation, growth); thyrocalcitonin (lowers Ca²⁺).
• Parathyroid (पैराथायरॉइड) — Four glands on the back of the thyroid; PTH raises blood Ca²⁺.
• Thymus (थाइमस) — Behind the sternum; thymosins — T-lymphocyte differentiation.
• Adrenal (अधिवृक्क) — Medulla: adrenaline, noradrenaline; cortex: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids.
• Kidney (वृक्क) — Erythropoietin from juxtaglomerular cells.
• Pancreas (अग्न्याशय) — Islets of Langerhans: glucagon (α), insulin (β).
• Ovary (अंडाशय) — Estrogen (follicles) and progesterone (corpus luteum).
• Testis (वृषण) — Leydig cells — androgens, mainly testosterone.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 19.1. Report a mistake