The cell cycleकोशिका चक्र

NCERT Fig 10.1 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• G₁ — cell grows (G₁ — कोशिका वृद्धि) — Gap 1: cell is metabolically active and grows, but DNA is not replicated.
• S — DNA replication (S — DNA प्रतिकृति) — Synthesis phase: DNA doubles (2C → 4C); chromosome number unchanged (2n).
• G₂ — proteins made (G₂ — प्रोटीन संश्लेषण) — Gap 2: proteins synthesised in preparation for mitosis; growth continues.
• M phase (mitosis) (M अवस्था (सूत्री विभाजन)) — Karyokinesis (nuclear division) followed by cytokinesis; about 1 hour of 24.
• Interphase (अंतरावस्था) — “Resting phase” only in name — the cell prepares for division by growth and DNA replication.
• Quiescent G₀ (शांत अवस्था G₀) — Cells exit G₁ and stop dividing but stay metabolically active (e.g. heart cells); may re-enter when needed.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 10.1. Report a mistake