The Calvin cycle (C₃ cycle)केल्विन चक्र (C₃ चक्र)

NCERT Fig 11.8 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Carboxylation (कार्बोक्सिलीकरण) — RuBP + CO₂ → 2 × 3-PGA, catalysed by RuBisCO — the most crucial step.
• Reduction (अपचयन) — Uses 2 ATP and 2 NADPH per CO₂ fixed; forms triose phosphate (glucose).
• Regeneration (पुनर्जनन) — RuBP is regenerated using 1 ATP per CO₂ so the cycle continues.
• CO₂ + H₂O (CO₂ + H₂O) — CO₂ enters from the atmosphere.
• RuBP (5C) (RuBP (5C)) — Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate — the primary CO₂ acceptor in C₃ plants.
• 3-PGA (3C) (3-PGA (3C)) — 3-phosphoglyceric acid — first stable product, hence C₃.
• Sugars (शर्करा) — Triose phosphate leaves the cycle to form sucrose and starch.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 11.8. Report a mistake