Prisms that use total internal reflectionपूर्ण आंतरिक परावर्तन का उपयोग करने वाले प्रिज़्मPrisms that use total internal reflection

NCERT Fig 9.13 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 9 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Right-angled prism (bends 90°) (समकोण प्रिज़्म (90° मोड़ता है)) — Light enters a face normally (no bending), meets the long face at 45°, which is more than the critical angle, and is totally reflected through 90° — as in a periscope.
• Rays in (a) ((a) में किरणें) — Traced with Snell’s law at every face; one TIR.
• Prism turning light through 180° (180° मोड़ने वाला प्रिज़्म) — Two total internal reflections send the light back parallel to itself — as in binoculars.
• Rays in (b) ((b) में किरणें) — Notice the upper ray comes out lower: the order is reversed.
• Inverting prism (प्रतिलोमी (उलटने वाला) प्रिज़्म) — Rays refract in, totally reflect at the base and refract out: the image is turned upside down without changing its size.
• Rays in (c) ((c) में किरणें) — Red enters above blue and leaves below it.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 9.13. Report a mistake