Root mean square (rms) currentवर्ग माध्य मूल (rms) धाराRoot mean square (rms) current

NCERT Fig 7.3 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 7 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Current i = im sin ωt (धारा i = im sin ωt) — Positive half cancels negative half: average current = 0.
• Square of current, i² (धारा का वर्ग, i²) — i² is never negative, so heating i²R never cancels out. Its average is not zero.
• Average of i² = im²/2 (i² का औसत = im²/2) — Because ⟨sin²ωt⟩ = 1/2 over a full cycle. Average power P = ½ im²R.
• rms current I = im/√2 (rms धारा I = im/√2) — I = √(mean of i²). With it, P = I²R exactly like dc.
• Peak current im (शिखर धारा im) — The amplitude of the current.
• Time axis (ωt) (समय अक्ष (ωt)) — One full cycle is ωt = 2π.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 7.3. Report a mistake