Power factor improvement with a capacitorसंधारित्र से शक्ति गुणांक में सुधारPower factor improvement with a capacitor

NCERT Fig 7.15 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 7 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Applied voltage V (लगाई गई वोल्टता V) — Reference phasor.
• Current I (lagging by φ) (धारा I (φ पीछे)) — An inductive load: current lags the voltage; power factor cos φ = R/Z.
• Power component Ip = I cos φ (शक्ति घटक Ip = I cos φ) — In phase with V; this part alone delivers power P = V Ip.
• Wattless component Iq = I sin φ (वाटहीन घटक Iq = I sin φ) — Perpendicular to V: no average power, but it still heats the transmission lines.
• Leading current I′q from a capacitor (संधारित्र से अग्रगामी धारा I′q) — A capacitor connected in parallel draws a current that leads V by π/2; choose C so that I′q = Iq.
• Phase angle φ (कला कोण φ) — Smaller φ → larger power factor cos φ.
• Reference axis (संदर्भ अक्ष) — Along V.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 7.15. Report a mistake