A cell: emf and internal resistanceसेल: विद्युत वाहक बल और आंतरिक प्रतिरोधA cell: emf and internal resistance

NCERT Fig 3.12 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 3 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Electrolyte (विद्युत अपघट्य) — The electrodes exchange charge with it; inside the cell current flows from N to P.
• Positive electrode P (धन इलेक्ट्रोड P) — At potential V₊ above the electrolyte next to it.
• Negative electrode N (ऋण इलेक्ट्रोड N) — At potential V₋ below the electrolyte next to it. emf ε = V₊ + V₋.
• Internal resistance r (आंतरिक प्रतिरोध r) — Resistance of the electrolyte; a current I wastes I²r inside the cell and lowers the terminal voltage.
• External resistor R (बाह्य प्रतिरोधक R) — Current flows through it from P to N.
• Current I (धारा I) — I = ε/(R + r). Maximum (ε/r) when R = 0.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 3.12. Report a mistake