AC voltage across a capacitor (current leads)संधारित्र पर ac वोल्टता (धारा आगे)AC voltage across a capacitor (current leads)

NCERT Fig 7.7 / 7.8 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 7 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• AC source (ac स्रोत) — v = vm sin ωt.
• Capacitor C (संधारित्र C) — Charged and discharged alternately each half cycle, so current keeps flowing in the circuit.
• Voltage phasor V (वोल्टता फ़ेज़र V) — Length vm, rotating anticlockwise at ω.
• Current phasor I (धारा फ़ेज़र I) — π/2 AHEAD of V (anticlockwise from V). Length im = ωC vm.
• Phase difference π/2 (कलांतर π/2) — i = im sin(ωt + π/2): the current leads the voltage by a quarter cycle.
• Anticlockwise rotation at ω (ω से वामावर्त घूर्णन) — Both phasors turn together; the angle between them stays π/2.
• Voltage v (वोल्टता v) — v = q/C = vm sin ωt (red).
• Current i (धारा i) — i = dq/dt = im sin(ωt + π/2) = im cos ωt (blue).
• Current peaks earlier (धारा का शिखर पहले) — The current reaches its maximum T/4 before the voltage does.
• Phasor axes (फ़ेज़र अक्ष) — Angles measured anticlockwise.
• Current in the circuit (परिपथ में धारा) — Shown at one instant; it reverses every half cycle.
• Time axis (ωt) (समय अक्ष (ωt)) — π/2 on this axis = T/4 in time.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 7.7 / 7.8. Report a mistake