Graph of a sound wave: crest, trough, wavelength, amplitudeध्वनि तरंग का ग्राफ़: शृंग, गर्त, तरंगदैर्ध्य, आयाम

NCERT Fig 10.16, 10.18, 10.20 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Density vs distance (घनत्व बनाम दूरी) — At one instant, density rises above and falls below average along the medium.
• Average density (माध्य घनत्व) — Density of undisturbed air (dashed line).
• Crest (शृंग) — Highest point = maximum density = centre of a compression.
• Trough (गर्त) — Lowest point = minimum density = centre of a rarefaction.
• Wavelength, λ (तरंगदैर्ध्य, λ) — Distance between two consecutive crests (or troughs). SI unit: metre. v = λν.
• Amplitude (आयाम) — Maximum change of density from average. Bigger amplitude → more energy → louder.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 10.16, 10.18, 10.20. Report a mistake