The five groups of the plant kingdomवनस्पति जगत के पाँच समूह

NCERT Ch 3 overview (§3.1–3.5) · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Algae (शैवाल) — Chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic, largely aquatic. Classes: Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae.
• Bryophytes (ब्रायोफाइट) — “Amphibians of the plant kingdom” — liverworts and mosses; haploid gametophyte is the main plant.
• Pteridophytes (टेरिडोफाइट) — Horsetails and ferns; true root, stem, leaves with xylem and phloem; gametophyte = prothallus.
• Gymnosperms (जिम्नोस्पर्म) — Ovules exposed before and after fertilisation; heterosporous; cones (strobili). Cycas, Pinus, Ginkgo.
• Angiosperms (एंजियोस्पर्म) — Flowering plants; pollen and ovules in flowers; seeds in fruits; dicots and monocots.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Ch 3 overview (§3.1–3.5). Report a mistake